Day 3 :
Keynote Forum
Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil
Keynote: Safety aspects of application of lactic acid bacteria
Time : 09:35-10:05
Biography:
Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov has completed his PhD at ENITIAA, Nantes, France and Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria and Postdoctoral studies from Stellenbosch University, South Africa and is a visiting Professor at Sao Paulo University, Brazil. Currently he is a visiting Professor at Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. He has published more than 125 papers in reputed journals and serving as a member of the editorial board. He is reviewer for more than 90 international journals. He has also delivered various keynotes and plenary lectures both nationally and internationally.
Abstract:
LAB constitute a phylogenetically heterogeneous group of ubiquitous microorganisms that are naturally present in high nutrient containing organic products such as foods and occupy a wide range of ecological niches ranging from the surface of plants to the gastro-urogenital tract of animals. Currently, the LAB group includes a large number of cocci and bacilli, such as species of the genera Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus, Weissella, etc. From a historical point of view, LAB has been used since ancient times in food fermentation processes and preservation. Due to their lack of pathogenicity, most LAB species have received the GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In addition to their important technological properties in food production, various species of LAB have been shown to possess therapeutic properties since they are able to prevent the development of some diseases as shown mostly using animal models and have the capacity to promote beneficial effects in human and animal health In recent years, the number of functional food products enriched with live probiotic microorganisms, has increased exponentially since it is know that these can confer health benefits on the host. Besides all beneficial properties studied for various LAB, a special attention need to be pay on the possible presence of virulence factors, production of biogenic amines and antibiotic resistance. This virulence determinants have been well detected and studied in Enterococci and Streptococci, however, in last few years report on presence of virulence factors in otherwise GRAS Lactobacilli have been showing the potential upcoming problems. Horizontal gene transfer of virulence factors between pathogenic and LAB, including probiotics is a highly possible scenario in case of uncontrolled application of probiotics. In addition, some of the antimicrobial peptides expressed by LAB may be a high cytotoxic. A special attention need to be pay on the possible cytotoxicity levels of the expressed bacteriocins in order to drown conclusion for the safe application of the producer or antimicrobial peptides in the bio-preservation and as a probiotics.
Keynote Forum
Dan Cristian Vodnar
University of Agricultural Sciences, Romania
Keynote: Influence of food matrices on probiotic viability
Time : 10:05-10:35
Biography:
Vodnar Dan Cristian has been during the last years responsible for building up the Food Biotechnology discipline at University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj Napoca, Romania. He has a vast experience, in managing national projects (innovation area) and academic grants (fermentative bioconversion, microencapsulation). The majority of the projects were performed together with the industry, and the main focus has been to develop processes, innovative functional foods and smart packaging to attain a cost effective and sustainable food industry. He has published over 50 articles in scientific journals, conference proceedings and book chapters. He is a member in scientific and industrial organizations, membership in five journal editorial boards, and visiting Professor at universities from EU. He was awarded with Gold Medal (2014) and Bronze Medal (2013) at International Exhibition of Research, Innovation and Inventiveness “PRO INVENT†and he received “Danubius Young Scientist Award†Prize at Vienna, Austria in 2014.
Abstract:
In the last decades consumer demands in the field of food production has changed considerably. Consumers more and more believe that foods contribute directly to their health. Today foods are not intended to only satisfy hunger and to provide necessary nutrients for humans but also to prevent nutrition-related diseases and improve physical and mental well-being of the consumers. A major concern in both developed and developing countries is gastrointestinal health from the point of view of the daily gastrointestinal comfort and also resistance to or prevention acute of chronic diseases such as infectious diarrhea and inflammatory bowel diseases. There is a demand for products that can be consumed on a daily basis that can provide such benefits. Probiotics are defined as ‘‘live microorganisms, as they are consumed in adequate numbers confer a health benefit on the host’’, with ongoing controversy as to whether cultures must be viable for efficacy in all cases. Probiotics can be used as drugs, but also in food or food supplements. A good probiotic must fulfil some characteristics: to be able to adhere to the gut wall, to reduce or exclude the adherence of pathogens, to be able to persist, multiply and produce some substances antagonistic to pathogen growth, to be able to co-aggregate as to form a balanced flora. Nowadays, there are evidences for the use of pre, pro and synbiotics in many diseases. In the gastroenterology field, they are used in irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, diverticular disease, and in Helicobacter pylori infection eradication. In order to produce therapeutic benefits ingested probiotics must survive transit thought the gastro-intestinal environment and reach the colon in large quantities to facilitate colonization and to exert beneficial effect on host. Currently, a problem is represented by the survivability of bacteria in food matrices. The several key issues regarding current status of development of probiotics markets will be discussed during this presentation.
Keynote Forum
Jude A Oben
University College London, UK
Keynote: Get fit for pregnancy: Developmental programming (trans-generational transfer) of obesity and NAFLD
Time : 11:05-11:35
Biography:
Dr Jude A Oben, Clinician Scientist, is a Senior Lecturer in Hepatology at University College London, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health where he runs a very productive laboratory investigating NAFLD. He studied medicine at Oxford University with a Ph.D in Immuno-pharmacology from University College London. During his specialist training in Hepatology he was a post-doctoral fellow at Johns Hopkins University, USA, under the mentorship of Professor Anna Mae Diehl, an expert in Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Abstract:
Background: The global prevalence of obesity-induced liver disease (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD) is rising. Suggested causes include a role for in utero influences of maternal obesity compounded by availability of energy dense foods throughout postnatal life. We investigated the role of maternal obesity in the context of an postnatal obesogenic diet in the trans-generational of obesity and mechanisms therein. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\n\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\nMethods: Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard or an obesogenic diet, before and throughout pregnancy, and during lactation. Female offspring were weaned onto standard or an obesogenic diet at 3 weeks postpartum. Biochemical and histological indicators of dysmetabolism, NAFLD and fibrosis; analysis of pro-fibrotic pathways, liver innate immune cells were investigated at 3, 6 and 12 months. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\n\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\nResults: Female offspring exposed to a post-weaning obesogenic diet (OffCon-OD) demonstrated evidence of liver injury exacerbated by prior exposure to maternal obesity (OffOb-OD) as demonstrated by ALT, hepatic triglycerides and hepatic expression of IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, ASMA and collagen (p < 0.01). Histological evidence of hepatosteatosis and a more robust NAFLD phenotype with hepatic fibrosis was observed at 12 months in OffOb-OD. A role for the innate immune system was indicated by increased Kupffer cell (KC) numbers with impaired phagocytic function and raised ROS synthesis (p < 0.01) together with reduced NK-T cells and raised IL-12 and IL-18. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\n\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\nConclusions: Maternal obesity in the context of a post-natal hyper-calorific obesogenic diet aggressively programs offspring NAFLD associated with innate immune dysfunction, resulting in a comprehensive phenotype that accurately reflects the human disease. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\n
Keynote Forum
Ammar Shobair
King AbdulAziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia
Keynote: Cytomegalovirus enteritis with jejunal perforation in a patient diagnosed later with Churg-Strauss Syndrome
Time : 11:35-12:05
Biography:
Ammar Shbair, MD is an Assistant Consultant of Medicine and Gastroenterology & Hepatology, at King Abdul Aziz Medical City in Jeddah. He practices at King Saud university of National Guard, Faculty of Medicine in its Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases. He completed his medical school at Sanaa University in Yemen and residency training in Medicine under the regulation of Saudi Commission of Health Specialties. He joined the Faculty of Medicine in October of 1994. He is Arab board-certified in Internal Medicine which follows Arab League since 2008. He has expert certificate in the subspecialty for the last five years. He participated in Clinical research in the field of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases. He is also an Educator-Clinician who supervises fellows in the field of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.
Abstract:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the gastrointestinal tract has been reported most frequently in the setting of immunodeficiency. The whole gastrointestinal tract can be affected; however, the small bowel is rarely affected. We report a case of CMV enteritis with jejunal perforation in a 56-year-old man with a history of abdominal pain and diarrhea with tenderness and guarding at right lower quadrant of his abdomen. Computed tomography showed segmental jejunal wall thickening. Perforation happened after several days of uneventful gastrosopy and colonoscopy. The jejunum showed small perforation at mid of jejunum and areas of very thin wall looked like pending perforation. The microscopic findings revealed acute ulcerating CMV infection and acute serositis. The final diagnosis was CMV-associated jejunitis with a jejunal perforation associated with CMV gastritis. The patient diagnosed later with Churg Strauss syndrome.
- Track-7: Recent Advancements and Current Research in Gastrointestinal Therapeutics
Track-8: Clinical Nutrition in Gastrointestinal Diseases
Chair
Larry I Good
Good Pharmaceutical Development Company, USA
Co-Chair
Marcela Hermoso R
University of Chile, Chile
Session Introduction
Larry Good
Good Pharmaceutical Development Company, USA
Title: Serum-Derived Bovine Immunoglobulin in the Management of Chronic Gastrointestinal Disease
Time : 10:00- 10:30
Biography:
Larry I Good has been a practicing Gastroenterologist since 1978. He has graduated Colgate University Magna Cum Laude in 1969 and received his MD with Alpha Omega Alpha status from the Medical University of South Carolina in 1973. He was a fellow trained in Gastroenterology from 1976-78 at the University of Pennsylvania. He has served as the Director of Liver Diseases at Nassau County Medical Center and was for many years Chief, Department of Medicine at South Nassau Communities Hospital. He is an Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine at SUNY Stony Brook. He was the Chief Medical Officer at Ritter Pharmaceuticals in Los Angeles and his current clinical research activities involve the microbiome, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and the application of orally administered gamma globulin to patients with acute and chronic gastro-intestinal disorders. He has Founded Good Pharmaceutical Development Co., LLC, in 2014. He was recently appointed CEO of Compassionate Care Center of New York. He was appointed as an Editor of BMC Gastroenterology, a prestigious on line peer reviewed medical journal. He is a Member of the Speakers Bureau for Entera Health, Abbvie and Cubist Pharmaceuticals.
Abstract:
Serum-derived Bovine Immunoglobulin (SBI) possesses the entire immune experience of cows. Oral administrations of SBI prepared from the serum of lots of 3000 cows at the time of slaughter has been demonstrated to be effective in the management of HIV enteropathy, diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s Disease, pouchitis and C. difficle colitis. Data will be presented of clinical outcomes from randomized, double blind trials and observational studies. Mechanism of action of this product includes binding of pro-inflammatory intra-luminal bacterial degradation products, pro-inflammatory cytokines, bacterial endotoxins and tightening of tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells. The excellent safety profile and GRAS status of this medical food product will be discussed.
Yasser Negm
Al Zahra Hospital, UAE
Title: The last 5 years and the next 5 years : Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) – An update
Time : 10:30-11:00
Biography:
Dr Yasser Negm currently works as a Pediatric consultant with interest in Pediatric Gastroenterology at Al Zahra Private hospital, Dubai, UAE. He has 8 years of experience in the field. He is a member of the British society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Heptology and Nutrition. His UK Pediatric Gastroenterology training units in London included Great Ormond Street, King’s college, The Royal London and the Royal Free Hospitals. He completed his training in Pediatrics in 2012, as recognised by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health and the General Medical Council. During his work in the Pediatric Gstroenterology unit at Great Ormond Street Hospital, Dr Negm won the prize of the most outstanding lecture of the year 2010.
Abstract:
The incidence of GERD is progressively increasing all over the world, even within the Paediatric age groups. It is highest among infants and older female adolescents. Children with neurological impairments and other co-morbidities are at increased risk. It was diagnosed in 12.3% of North American infants and in 1% of other paediatric age groups. There is obviously a major effect on the daily life of caregivers and on health care costs which have been estimated to be US $2386 per patient per 6 months (2009 estimate). Over the past 5 years, significant changes have been increasingly developing and reshaping not only the way we should treat GERD, but also new definitions, methods of diagnosis, aetiologies contributing to the pathology, guidelines from specialist bodies, research studies looking for evidence and even newly discovered side effects of the traditional treatments. Through this presentation, I’ll share with the audience both the raw and ripe fruits of recent experts’ work, especially those developments supported with robust evidence, both at clinical and research levels. From directions of labs and clinical trials to trends of practice in tertiary centres, I’ll extend the presentation to explore as well the seeds of future management of GERD expected in the next 5 years.
Marcela Hermoso R
University of Chile, Chile
Title: The role of the novel IL33/ST2 system in the causation of ulcerative colitis
Biography:
Marcela Hermoso R is a Professor of Immunology at the Disciplinary Program of Immunology of the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. Her research focuses on the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation and how altered immune responses can promote the ensuing diseases.
Abstract:
ST2/IL33 signaling pathway has been related to many inflammatory disorders as well as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IL-33, an IL-1 family member, is expressed in many cell types and its nuclear localization regulates gene transcription. IL-33 is released upon necrosis and the precursor form is enzymatically processed to promote an inflammatory response as a damage-associated molecular pattern or alarmin. The IL-33 receptor ST2, encoded by IL1RL1, is expressed as both a membrane-anchored receptor (ST2L) activated by IL-33 and as a soluble variant (sST2) that exhibits increased anti-inflammatory properties in inflammatory conditions and has been proposed as a prognostic disease biomarker. We characterized the IL33/ST2 system in mucosa from IBD patients and the effect of clinical course and therapy on sST2 content and cellular distribution as predictive markers of response to treatment, disease activity and outcome. These are the first findings demonstrating molecular and cellular mechanisms on the regulation of ST2 system in mucosa inflammation. This conference will offer cutting edge biomedical data on recent advances in the role of ST2 in these diseases.
Vamseedhar Annam
Mamata Medical College, India
Title: Predictive and prognostic markers in colorectal cancers
Time : 11:50- 12:20
Biography:
Vamseedhar Annam completed his DCP and MD degree in Pathology from Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences. He has received honor and awards for innovative research works in cytopathology and histopathology. He is a distinguished Professor [Pathology] and Research Advisory Board Member at Mamata Medical College [NAAC accredidated A grade Medical College] affiliated under Dr. N.T.R University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada. He has more than 40 publications in the form of original articles, review articles and case reports in the field of Oncology and Infectious diseases in various indexed journals like Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Indian Journal of Cancer, Cytojournal, Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology, Journal of Biomedical Sciences, etc. Currently, he is working on predictive and prognostic markers in colorectal cancers.
Abstract:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in both men and women. The early and advanced CRC still remains a major health burden with a disease-specific morbidity and mortality worldwide. CRC can grow either inward towards the lumen of the colon or rectum and/or outward through the walls of these organs. Advanced disease can cause perforation of the bowel and lead to infection. Metastasis of the disease may occur to the lymph nodes, liver, lung, peritoneum, ovaries and brain. CRC has a complex pathogenesis, involving multiple sequential steps with accumulation of genetic alterations including gene mutations, epigenetic changes and gene amplification. Thus, the treatment of CRC has undergone a paradigm shift over the past decade due in part to a better understanding of the biology of disease and also development of newer drugs including biologic agents. In the era of evidence based medicine, it is attractive to investigate the molecular pathways leading to colorectal cancer tumorogenesis, thus raising the possibility of identifying novel therapeutic targets. The selection of the most beneficial treatment regimens in CRC is hindered by a lack of predictive and prognostic markers. Histopathological examination of tumor material can also help to define prognosis further, using resection margins, grade of the tumor, vascular invasion and metastasis. Hence, research on markers that may be useful predictors of response to treatment and prognostic markers to determine the aggressiveness of the disease and the likelihood of recurrence after surgery would be beneficial. Accordingly, the identification of accurate and validated predictive and prognostic markers combined with an increasing arsenal of therapeutic agents will provide the clinician with the knowledge and the means of tailoring a targeted and effective therapy.
Panel Discussion