Day 3 :
Keynote Forum
Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil
Keynote: Safety aspects of application of lactic acid bacteria
Time : 09:35-10:05
Biography:
Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov has completed his PhD at ENITIAA, Nantes, France and Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria and Postdoctoral studies from Stellenbosch University, South Africa and is a visiting Professor at Sao Paulo University, Brazil. Currently he is a visiting Professor at Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. He has published more than 125 papers in reputed journals and serving as a member of the editorial board. He is reviewer for more than 90 international journals. He has also delivered various keynotes and plenary lectures both nationally and internationally.
Abstract:
LAB constitute a phylogenetically heterogeneous group of ubiquitous microorganisms that are naturally present in high nutrient containing organic products such as foods and occupy a wide range of ecological niches ranging from the surface of plants to the gastro-urogenital tract of animals. Currently, the LAB group includes a large number of cocci and bacilli, such as species of the genera Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus, Weissella, etc. From a historical point of view, LAB has been used since ancient times in food fermentation processes and preservation. Due to their lack of pathogenicity, most LAB species have received the GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In addition to their important technological properties in food production, various species of LAB have been shown to possess therapeutic properties since they are able to prevent the development of some diseases as shown mostly using animal models and have the capacity to promote beneficial effects in human and animal health In recent years, the number of functional food products enriched with live probiotic microorganisms, has increased exponentially since it is know that these can confer health benefits on the host. Besides all beneficial properties studied for various LAB, a special attention need to be pay on the possible presence of virulence factors, production of biogenic amines and antibiotic resistance. This virulence determinants have been well detected and studied in Enterococci and Streptococci, however, in last few years report on presence of virulence factors in otherwise GRAS Lactobacilli have been showing the potential upcoming problems. Horizontal gene transfer of virulence factors between pathogenic and LAB, including probiotics is a highly possible scenario in case of uncontrolled application of probiotics. In addition, some of the antimicrobial peptides expressed by LAB may be a high cytotoxic. A special attention need to be pay on the possible cytotoxicity levels of the expressed bacteriocins in order to drown conclusion for the safe application of the producer or antimicrobial peptides in the bio-preservation and as a probiotics.
Keynote Forum
Dan Cristian Vodnar
University of Agricultural Sciences, Romania
Keynote: Influence of food matrices on probiotic viability
Time : 10:05-10:35
Biography:
Vodnar Dan Cristian has been during the last years responsible for building up the Food Biotechnology discipline at University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj Napoca, Romania. He has a vast experience, in managing national projects (innovation area) and academic grants (fermentative bioconversion, microencapsulation). The majority of the projects were performed together with the industry, and the main focus has been to develop processes, innovative functional foods and smart packaging to attain a cost effective and sustainable food industry. He has published over 50 articles in scientific journals, conference proceedings and book chapters. He is a member in scientific and industrial organizations, membership in five journal editorial boards, and visiting Professor at universities from EU. He was awarded with Gold Medal (2014) and Bronze Medal (2013) at International Exhibition of Research, Innovation and Inventiveness “PRO INVENT†and he received “Danubius Young Scientist Award†Prize at Vienna, Austria in 2014.
Abstract:
In the last decades consumer demands in the field of food production has changed considerably. Consumers more and more believe that foods contribute directly to their health. Today foods are not intended to only satisfy hunger and to provide necessary nutrients for humans but also to prevent nutrition-related diseases and improve physical and mental well-being of the consumers. A major concern in both developed and developing countries is gastrointestinal health from the point of view of the daily gastrointestinal comfort and also resistance to or prevention acute of chronic diseases such as infectious diarrhea and inflammatory bowel diseases. There is a demand for products that can be consumed on a daily basis that can provide such benefits. Probiotics are defined as ‘‘live microorganisms, as they are consumed in adequate numbers confer a health benefit on the host’’, with ongoing controversy as to whether cultures must be viable for efficacy in all cases. Probiotics can be used as drugs, but also in food or food supplements. A good probiotic must fulfil some characteristics: to be able to adhere to the gut wall, to reduce or exclude the adherence of pathogens, to be able to persist, multiply and produce some substances antagonistic to pathogen growth, to be able to co-aggregate as to form a balanced flora. Nowadays, there are evidences for the use of pre, pro and synbiotics in many diseases. In the gastroenterology field, they are used in irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, diverticular disease, and in Helicobacter pylori infection eradication. In order to produce therapeutic benefits ingested probiotics must survive transit thought the gastro-intestinal environment and reach the colon in large quantities to facilitate colonization and to exert beneficial effect on host. Currently, a problem is represented by the survivability of bacteria in food matrices. The several key issues regarding current status of development of probiotics markets will be discussed during this presentation.
Keynote Forum
Jude A Oben
University College London, UK
Keynote: Get fit for pregnancy: Developmental programming (trans-generational transfer) of obesity and NAFLD
Time : 11:05-11:35
Biography:
Dr Jude A Oben, Clinician Scientist, is a Senior Lecturer in Hepatology at University College London, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health where he runs a very productive laboratory investigating NAFLD. He studied medicine at Oxford University with a Ph.D in Immuno-pharmacology from University College London. During his specialist training in Hepatology he was a post-doctoral fellow at Johns Hopkins University, USA, under the mentorship of Professor Anna Mae Diehl, an expert in Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Abstract:
Background: The global prevalence of obesity-induced liver disease (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD) is rising. Suggested causes include a role for in utero influences of maternal obesity compounded by availability of energy dense foods throughout postnatal life. We investigated the role of maternal obesity in the context of an postnatal obesogenic diet in the trans-generational of obesity and mechanisms therein. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\n\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\nMethods: Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard or an obesogenic diet, before and throughout pregnancy, and during lactation. Female offspring were weaned onto standard or an obesogenic diet at 3 weeks postpartum. Biochemical and histological indicators of dysmetabolism, NAFLD and fibrosis; analysis of pro-fibrotic pathways, liver innate immune cells were investigated at 3, 6 and 12 months. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\n\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\nResults: Female offspring exposed to a post-weaning obesogenic diet (OffCon-OD) demonstrated evidence of liver injury exacerbated by prior exposure to maternal obesity (OffOb-OD) as demonstrated by ALT, hepatic triglycerides and hepatic expression of IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, ASMA and collagen (p < 0.01). Histological evidence of hepatosteatosis and a more robust NAFLD phenotype with hepatic fibrosis was observed at 12 months in OffOb-OD. A role for the innate immune system was indicated by increased Kupffer cell (KC) numbers with impaired phagocytic function and raised ROS synthesis (p < 0.01) together with reduced NK-T cells and raised IL-12 and IL-18. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\n\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\nConclusions: Maternal obesity in the context of a post-natal hyper-calorific obesogenic diet aggressively programs offspring NAFLD associated with innate immune dysfunction, resulting in a comprehensive phenotype that accurately reflects the human disease. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\n
Keynote Forum
Ammar Shobair
King AbdulAziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia
Keynote: Cytomegalovirus enteritis with jejunal perforation in a patient diagnosed later with Churg-Strauss Syndrome
Time : 11:35-12:05
Biography:
Ammar Shbair, MD is an Assistant Consultant of Medicine and Gastroenterology & Hepatology, at King Abdul Aziz Medical City in Jeddah. He practices at King Saud university of National Guard, Faculty of Medicine in its Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases. He completed his medical school at Sanaa University in Yemen and residency training in Medicine under the regulation of Saudi Commission of Health Specialties. He joined the Faculty of Medicine in October of 1994. He is Arab board-certified in Internal Medicine which follows Arab League since 2008. He has expert certificate in the subspecialty for the last five years. He participated in Clinical research in the field of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases. He is also an Educator-Clinician who supervises fellows in the field of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.
Abstract:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the gastrointestinal tract has been reported most frequently in the setting of immunodeficiency. The whole gastrointestinal tract can be affected; however, the small bowel is rarely affected. We report a case of CMV enteritis with jejunal perforation in a 56-year-old man with a history of abdominal pain and diarrhea with tenderness and guarding at right lower quadrant of his abdomen. Computed tomography showed segmental jejunal wall thickening. Perforation happened after several days of uneventful gastrosopy and colonoscopy. The jejunum showed small perforation at mid of jejunum and areas of very thin wall looked like pending perforation. The microscopic findings revealed acute ulcerating CMV infection and acute serositis. The final diagnosis was CMV-associated jejunitis with a jejunal perforation associated with CMV gastritis. The patient diagnosed later with Churg Strauss syndrome.