World Conference on Gastroenterology and Digestive Diseases November 23-24, 2020 Hanoi, Vietnam

The oesophagus is the muscular tube that carries food, and liquids from your mouth to the stomach. You may not be aware of your esophagus until you swallow something too large, too hot, or too cold. You may also notice it when something is wrong. You may feel pain or have trouble swallowing. The most common problem with the esophagus is GERD (gastro esophageal reflux disease). With GERD, a muscle at the end of your esophagus does not close properly. This allows stomach contents to leak back, or reflux, into the esophagus and irritate it. Over time, GERD can cause damage to the esophagus. Other problems include heartburn, cancer, and esophagitis. Doctors may use various tests to make a diagnosis. These include imaging tests, an upper endoscopy, and a biopsy.

Surgeons continue their efforts to improve their techniques to operate colorectal cancers. They now have a better understanding of what makes colorectal surgery more likely to be successful, such as making sure enough lymph nodes are removed during the operation. Oesophageal cancer usually begins in the cells that line the inside of the oesophagus. Pancreatic cancer begins in the tissues of your pancreas an organ in your abdomen that lies horizontally behind the lower part of your stomach. Colorectal cancer is cancer that starts in the colon or rectum. The colon and the rectum are parts of the large intestine, which is the lower part of the body’s digestive system. Pancreatic cancer is aggressive with few symptoms until the cancer is advanced. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhoea, and jaundice. Treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Gallbladder cancer is a relatively uncommon cancer. If it is diagnosed early enough, it can be cured by removing the gallbladder, part of the liver and associated lymph nodes. Most often it is found after symptoms such as abdominal pain, jaundice and vomiting occur, and it has spread to other organs such as the liver.

Bariatric surgery (weight decrease surgery) fuses an arrangement of systems performed on people who have rich imposingness. Weight diminishment is proficient by diminishing the measure of the stomach with a gastric band or through pondering of a piece of the stomach (sleeve gastrectomy or biliopancreatic redirection with duodenal switch) or by resecting and re-directing the minute stomach related framework to an infinitesimal stomach pockets (gastric bypass surgery).

Recent biological and medical advances have clarified the mechanisms of chronic liver inflammation and succeeded in providing new therapies for various liver diseases. The aim of this issue is to summarize the current status of the basic and clinical findings in chronic liver inflammation and its complications. Such information will help develop better management programs for patients and can improve their prognosis.

High-definition and magnification endoscopes with electronic chromo endoscopy capability make it easier to visualize subtle lesions, such as small and flat polyps and patches of dysplastic gastrointestinal mucosa. They allow accurate characterization of polyps, which may in the future allow us to selectively resect only precancerous colonic polyps, while ignoring small benign hyperplastic polyps, which in turn will result in significant healthcare savings.  New digital choledochoscopes have vastly improved diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities within the bile and pancreatic duct. Confocal endomicroscopy now allows us to perform microscopic evaluation of living tissues, improving targeted biopsies in Barrett's oesophagus and aiding in the evaluation of bile duct strictures and pancreatic cysts. Similarly, technological advances in endoscopic ultrasound, optical coherence tomography and spectroscopy hold great promise for improving diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities for gastrointestinal disease.

Gastrointestinal Pathology is sub discipline of surgical Pathology. It deals with the analysis and exposure of growth and non-neoplastic diseases of the epithelial duct and accent organs, like the exocrine gland and liver.
Though pathology diagnosing could be a important determinant of future cancer risk and screening interval, several of those diagnoses don't lead to important morbidity or mortality for patients; therefore, errors could also be "masked" by the restricted impact to the patient within the gift context.

• Diagnostic Histopathology
• Endoscopic Biopsies
• Pancreatic Biliary Systems
• Gastrointestinal Physiology
• Histomorphology
• Gastrointestinal Tissue
• Hematemesis
• Hematochezia

The latest innovations in Gastroenterology where the colorectal cancer screening, capsule endoscopy, cures for hepatitis virus and new biological therapies are some of the recent advances in the field. Neurogastroenterology targets mainly on the functions, malfunctions & malformations of the sympathetic, parasympathetic & enteric divisions of the digestive tract.

This is the most common causes of Upper GI bleeding. Peptic ulcers are sores that develop on the stomach and upper portion of the small intestine. Stomach acid, either bacteria or use of anti-inflammatory drugs damages the lining which leads to formation of sores due to this bleeding starts which irritates and forms ulcers. Ulceration can be prevented by proper intake of food and avoiding excess acid secretion in the stomach. There are various methods that cures the peptic ulcers.

It is uncommon but serious type of cancer; primary liver cancer that begins in the liver whereas secondary liver cancer develops another part of the body and spread to the liver. Symptoms of live cancer are often vague and don’t appear until the cancer is in advanced stage.

Symptoms-

Unintentional weight loss, loss of appetite, feeling sick & vomiting, Pain & swelling in the abdomen, itchy skin and feeling very tired & weak.  

Treatment for liver cancer depends on the stage the condition is at. If diagnosed early, it may be possible to remove the cancer completely.

Treatment options in the early stages of liver cancer include:

• surgical resection – surgery to remove a section of liver
• liver transplant – where the liver is replaced with a donor's liver
• microwave or radiofrequency ablation – where microwaves or radio waves are used to destroy the cancerous cells

Pregnancy causes various Anatomical and Physiological changes in the gastrointestinal tract due to this gastrointestinal disorder are most common during pregnancy due to increased levels of Progesterone. Symptoms like Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation are the rare complications during pregnancy. Different GIT disorders respond to different kind of treatments, so better take suggestions from a physiacian.

The goals of the division of Gastroenterology research programs are to advance knowledge in the areas of gastroenterology and hepatology through innovative basic science, translational, and clinical research and to foster the spirit of scientific inquiry among faculty, fellows, residents, and students. Gastroenterology Division researchers are actively involved in numerous projects in the study of the biology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of gastrointestinal and liver diseases.

There is a higher genetic diversity in tumour cells which holds at the gene expression level. Through knowing the gene expression level we can regulate the hepatocellular carcinoma during hepatitis viral infection. Disease progression in HBV and HCV induced can influence by both environmental factors and genetic risk factors. Nucleic acid mediated gene therapy has been undergoing clinical trials which may result towards prevention of chronic liver diseases by regulating mechanism of different proteins expression using miRNA overexpression and mRNA functional silencing.

Middle part of the GIT is examined through various methods which includes mainly three portions of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum). Various different techniques are used in treating various gastrointestinal disorders.

An upper gastrointestinal series, also called an upper gastrointestinal study or contrast radiography of the upper gastrointestinal tract, is a series of radiographs used to examine the gastrointestinal tract for abnormalities. Radiology can be done in many ways like x-ray, computed tomography, Magnetic resonance imaging. Computed tomography now allows comprehensive assessment of abdominal and pelvic inflammatory and infectious processes, obstruction, tumour detection and staging, and display of vasculature and blunt trauma effects.